PAPER BAHASA INGGRIS 1

PAPERS

“ THE AUDITING FRAMEWORK”

 

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DISUSUN OLEH:

1. RAFIQ AZAM AL ALIF                   (A210140095)
2. RAHMAD B. N. S                            (A210140096)
3. ZENITH ARFIAN A.              (A210140097)
4. ANNISA RATNASARI          (A210140098)
5. AGHNA IMA ZUKHRIFA     (A210140099)
6. M. NASHRUNNUDIN           (A210140100)
7. NINDA ASTUTI                     (A210140101)

GROUP 3

 

PROGRAM STUDI AKUNTANSI

FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA

2014

PREFACE

 

Praise to Allah SWT who has given His taufik and hidayah so we can complete the task creation English Language paper entitled "The Auditing Framework". The preparation of this paper aims to broaden the horizons about audit.Type text or a website address or translate a document.CDid you mean: Kami mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Bapak Sapto Mei Budiyanto, DI. selaku dosen mata kuliah Bahasa Inggris yang telah membimbing kami sehingga dapat menyelesaikan makalah ini We would like to thank Mr. Sapto May Budiyanto, Drs., M.Pd. as a lecturer in the English language that have guided us so can resolve this paper

We are aware that this paper is still far from perfect. Therefore, we expect criticism and suggestions to the preparation of the next paper to be better. For that we would like to thank you and hopefully this paper helpful to us and to the reader.

 

 

 

                                                                                                            Surakarta, 8 October 2014

                                                                                                                        Composers

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

Cover Paper ……………………………………………………………………………….   i

Preface …………………………………………………………………….………………  ii

Table of Contents …………………………………………………………………………  iii

Text………………………………………………………………………………………...  1

Translation ………………………………………………………………………………...  3

Summary of Reading ……………………………………………………………………...  5

Translation of Reading ……………………………………………………………………. 6

Vocabulary Focus …………………………………………………………………………  7

Reading Task ……………………………………………………………………………...  8

1. Answer these questions …………………………………………………….....  8
2. Choose the best answers ……………………………………………………....  9

Closing ………………………………………………………………………………….....  10

 

TEXT:

The Auditing Framework

            When the independent auditor begins an audit assignment, he assumes that (1) the internal control system of the enterprise is appropriate and effective; (2) generally accepted accounting principles have been applied in all accounting processes underlying the financial statements; (3) the generally accepted accounting principles have been utilized consistently between the current and the prior periods; and (4) there is an adequate amount of informative financial disclosure in the financial statements and footnotes. Evidence gathering and its evaluation enable the auditors to reject or confrim these a priori assumptions. We are thus in a position to define auditing.

Auditing. The analytical process of gathering sufficient evidential matter on a test or sampling basis to enable a component professional to express an opinion as to whether a given set of financial statements meets established standards of financial reporting.

            Now we can enumerate the major steps of the auditing process: (1) become acquainted with the firm-its environment and its accounting, personnel, production, marketing, and other systems; (2) review and evaluate themanagement and the accounting control system in operation; (3) gather evidential matter on the integrity of the system; (4) gather further evidence related to the representations made in the financial statements; and (5) formulate a judgment option on the basis of the evidence available.

Getting Acquainted

            Auditing is an analytical process applied to everyday business situations. Hence it is closely related to existing business practices. Without firsthand knowledge of the nature of these practices and their larger setting, the auditor would have to rely exclusively on available financial data. This would jeopardize both audit efficiency and effectiveness. Therefore a getting-acquainted phase (which usually includes a visit to a client’s facilities and certain analytical preliminary tests and inquiries) initiates the typical audit process. While ‘getting-acquainted’ preliminaries to the conduct of an audit are standard procedures today, they were quite novel prior to 1965. Initially such procedures were described as the ‘business approach to auditing’.

Evidential Matter

            Evidential matter supporting financial statements consists of the underlying accounting data and all corroborating information available to the auditor. The auditor tests underlying accounting data by analysis and review, retracing some of the procedural steps followed in the original accounting process and reconciling the events with the information reported.

The auditor’s evidential material is the result of tests, selected observation, and statistical sampling where large compilations of data are involved. The auditor must always balance the natural desire for more evidential matter to support an opinion against the costliness and social usefulness of completely reconstructing the underlying data and processes that produced the financial statements. One key justification for independent audits, as we have seen, is the economy that results from producing expert opinion-based judgments from limited but reliable evidential matter.

TRANSLATION:

Kerangka Pemeriksaan Keuangan

Ketika akuntan bebas memulai penugasan pemeriksaan keuangan, ia menganggap bahwa (1) sistem pengendalian intern perusahaan tersebut telah sesuai dan efektif; (2) prinsip akuntansi yang berlaku secara umum telah diterapkan dalam semua proses akuntansi yang mendasari laporan keuangan; (3) prinsip akuntansi yang berlaku secara umum telah digunakan secara konsisten antara saat ini dan periode sebelumnya; dan (4) ada jumlah yang cukup pada pengungkapan keuangan informatif dalam laporan keuangan dan catatan kaki (catatan di bawah halaman buku). Bukti pengumpulan dan evaluasinya memungkinkan akuntan untuk menolak atau menerima ini sebuah asumsi sebelumnya. Dengan demikian kami dalam posisi untuk menentukan pemeriksaan keuangan.

Pemeriksaan Keuangan. Proses analisis dari pengumpulan materi bukti yang cukup pada tes atau pengambilan sampel dasar untuk memungkinkan komponen profesional untuk menyatakan sebuah pendapat mengenai apakah pemberian himpunan laporan keuangan Anda memenuhi penetapan standar pelaporan keuangan.

Sekarang kita dapat menghitung langkah-langkah utama dari proses pemeriksaan keuangan: (1) berkenalan dengan lingkungan perusahaan-nya  dan akuntansi, personalia, produksi, pemasaran, dan sistem lainnya; (2) mengulas dan mengevaluasi manajemen dan sistem pengendalian akuntansi dalam operasi; (3) mengumpulkan materi bukti pada sistem integritas; (4) mengumpulkan bukti lebih lanjut terkait dengan pernyataan yang dibuat dalam laporan keuangan; dan (5) merumuskan pendapat penilaian berdasarkan bukti yang ada.

Berkenalan

Pemeriksaan keuangan adalah proses analisis yang digunakan untuk situasi bisnis sehari-hari. Oleh karena itu berkaitan erat dengan praktek bisnis yang ada. Tanpa pengetahuan langsung tentang sifat dari praktek-praktek dan pengaturan mereka yang lebih besar, akuntan harus bergantung secara eksklusif pada data keuangan yang tersedia. Hal ini akan membahayakan kedua efisiensi pemeriksaan  dan efektivitas. Oleh karena fase berkenalan (yang biasanya termasuk kunjungan ke fasilitas nasabah dan tes awal analitis tertentu dan penyelidikan) memulai proses pemeriksaan keuangan yang khas. Sementara ‘berkenalan' persiapan untuk pelaksanaan pemeriksaan keuangan prosedur standar saat ini, mereka cukup baru sebelum tahun 1965. Awalnya prosedur seperti itu digambarkan sebagai 'pendekatan bisnis untuk pemeriksaan keuangan'.

Masalah bukti

Masalah bukti yang mendukung laporan keuangan terdiri dari data akuntansi yang mendasar dan semua informasi yang tersedia  untuk menguatkan akuntan. Tes akuntan mendasari data akuntansi dengan analisis dan ulasan, menapak beberapa langkah-langkah prosedural yang diikuti dalam proses akuntansi asli dan menyesuaikan peristiwa dengan informasi yang dilaporkan.

Bahan bukti akuntan adalah hasil dari tes, pengamatan yang dipilih, dan pengambilan sampel statistik di mana himpunan besar data yang terlibat. Akuntan harus selalu menyeimbangkan keinginan alami bagi  masalah bukti yang lebih untuk mendukung pendapat terhadap kemahalan dan kegunaan sosial dalam menyelesaikan rekonstruksi data yang mendasar dan proses yang menghasilkan laporan keuangan. Salah satu kunci utama untuk pemeriksaan keuangan bebas, sebagaimana telah kita lihat, adalah ekonomi yang dihasilkan dari memproduksi penilaian berbasis pendapat ahli mulai terbatas tapi handal masalah bukti.

SUMMARY:

The Auditing Framework

 

Auditing is an analytical process of gathering sufficient evidential matter on a test or sampling basis applied to everyday business situations.

          When begins an audit assignment, the independent auditor assumes that (1) the internal control system of the enterprise is appropriate and effective; (2) generally accepted accounting principles have been applied in all accounting processes underlying the financial statements; (3) the generally accepted accounting principles have been utilized consistently between the current and the prior periods; and (4) there is an adequate amount of informative financial disclosure in the financial statements and footnotes. Evidence gathering and its evaluation enable the auditors to reject or confrim these a priori assumptions.

            The major steps of the auditing process is (1) become acquainted with the firm-its environment and its accounting, personnel, production, marketing, and other systems; (2) review and evaluate themanagement and the accounting control system in operation; (3) gather evidential matter on the integrity of the system; (4) gather further evidence related to the representations made in the financial statements; and (5) formulate a judgment option on the basis of the evidence available.

Evidential matter supporting financial statements consists of the underlying accounting data and all corroborating information available to the auditor. The auditor’s evidential material is the result of tests, selected observation, and statistical sampling where large compilations of data are involved. One key justification for independent audits, as we have seen, is the economy that results from producing expert opinion-based judgments from limited but reliable evidential matter.

TRANSLATION:

Kerangka Pemeriksaan Keuangan

          Pemeriksaan keuangan adalah proses analisis dari pengumpulan materi bukti yang cukup pada tes atau pengambilan sampel dasar yang digunakan untuk situasi bisnis sehari-hari.

            Ketika memulai penugasan pemeriksaan keuangan, akuntan bebas menganggap bahwa (1) sistem pengendalian intern perusahaan tersebut telah sesuai dan efektif; (2) prinsip akuntansi yang berlaku secara umum telah diterapkan dalam semua proses akuntansi yang mendasari laporan keuangan; (3) prinsip akuntansi yang berlaku secara umum telah digunakan secara konsisten antara saat ini dan periode sebelumnya; dan (4) ada jumlah yang cukup pada pengungkapan keuangan informatif dalam laporan keuangan dan catatan kaki (catatan di bawah halaman buku). Bukti pengumpulan dan evaluasinya memungkinkan akuntan untuk menolak atau menerima ini sebuah asumsi sebelumnya.

            Langkah-langkah utama dari proses pemeriksaan keuangan adalah (1) berkenalan dengan lingkungan perusahaan-nya  dan akuntansi, personalia, produksi, pemasaran, dan sistem lainnya; (2) mengulas dan mengevaluasi manajemen dan sistem pengendalian akuntansi dalam operasi; (3) mengumpulkan materi bukti pada sistem integritas; (4) mengumpulkan bukti lebih lanjut terkait dengan pernyataan yang dibuat dalam laporan keuangan; dan (5) merumuskan pendapat penilaian berdasarkan bukti yang ada.

            Masalah bukti yang mendukung laporan keuangan terdiri dari data akuntansi yang mendasar dan semua informasi yang tersedia  untuk menguatkan akuntan. Bahan bukti akuntan adalah hasil dari tes, pengamatan yang dipilih, dan pengambilan sampel statistik di mana himpunan besar data yang terlibat. Salah satu kunci utama untuk pemeriksaan keuangan bebas, sebagaimana telah kita lihat, adalah ekonomi yang dihasilkan dari memproduksi penilaian berbasis pendapat ahli mulai terbatas tapi handal masalah bukti.

VOCABULARY FOCUS

B. The following is an exercise in synonyms. A synonym is a word that has the same meaning as another in the same language but often different implications and associations. Try to choose the closest meaning a, b, c, or of the words given in the exercises below. Look at each word’s use in the text before you answer.

1. Assignment

    a. task                                                          c. opinion

    b. dependence                                             d. certainty

2. Current

    a. past                                                          c. future

    b. present                                                     d. prior

3. Enterprise

    a. association                                               c. organization

    b. institution                                                d. company

4. Appropriate

    a. precise                                                     c. doubtful

    b. false                                                         d. difficult

5. Applied

    a. implemented                                            c. avoided

    b. excluded                                                 d. eliminated

6. Results From

    a. regulated                                                 c. caused by

    b. decided                                                   d. made

7. Statements

    a. reports                                                     c. findings

    b. advices                                                    d. relations

8. Given

    a. completed                                                c. provided

    b. removed                                                  d. employed

9. Therefore

    a. nevertheless                                             c. likewise

    b. however                                                  d. thus

10. Desire

    a. reduction                                                 c. display

    b. expectation                                              d. disclosure

READING TASK

1. Answer these questions

1. What is an auditor’s job?
   An auditor’s job is auditing
2. What does an auditor think while the independent auditor begins an audit assignment?
   While the independent auditor begins an audit assignment, an auditor think that:

• the internal control system of the enterprise is appropriate and effective
• the generally accepted accounting principles have been applied in all accounting processes underlying the financial statements
• the generally accepted accounting principles have been utilized consistently between the current and the prior periods
• there is an adequate amount of informative financial disclosure in the financial statements and footnotes.

1. What is meant by auditing?
   Auditing is an analytical process of gathering sufficient evidential matter on a test or sampling basis to express an opinion as to whether a given set of financial statements meets established standards of financial reporting applied to everyday business situations.
2. What is a process of auditing?
   The auditing process is:

• become acquainted with the firm-its environment and its accounting, personnel, production, marketing, and other systems
• review and evaluate themanagement and the accounting control system in operation
• gather evidential matter on the integrity of the system
• gather further evidence related to the representations made in the financial statements
• formulate a judgment option on the basis of the evidence available.

1. What does an auditor test?
   The auditor tests underlying accounting data by analysis and review, retracing some of the procedural steps followed in the original accounting process and reconciling the events with the information reported. 

1. Choose the best answers

1. When beginning an assignment, an independent auditor assumes one of the following statements…

1. There is an inconsistency between the current and the prior periods in using generally accepted accounting principles.
2. There is an inadequate number of informative financial disclosures in the financial reports.
3. Generally accepted accounting principles have been employed to make a financial report.
4. The internal control system of the enterprise is very ineffective.

1. The word “its” in ‘Evident gathering and its evaluation enable the auditors to reject or confirm these a priori assumptions’ refers to…

1. Internal control system
2. Audit assignment
3. Informative financial disclosure
4. Evidence gathering

1. Auditing can defined as…

1. Gathering monetary crisis data
2. An analytical process employed to everyday business situations
3. A process of disclosing a firm’s assets
4. A process of how a firm will go into bankruptcy

1. In doing his audit assignment, an auditor needs…

1. A firm’s sufficient financial data
2. To consult a marketing manager
3. To check all workers
4. Complete a firm’s financial data

1. The word “their” in ‘Without firsthand knowledge of the nature of these practices and their larger setting, the auditor would have to rely exclusively on available financial data’ refers to…

1. Existing business practices
2. Financial statements
3. Financial data
4. Standard procedures

CLOSING

 

Conclusion:

Auditing is an analytical process of gathering sufficient evidential matter on a test or sampling basis to express an opinion as to whether a given set of financial statements meets established standards of financial reporting applied to everyday business situations.

-ZNT-